Which division collects and disburses all public funds and performs afloat pay and allowance functions?

The division responsible for collecting and disbursing all public funds, as well as performing afloat pay and allowance functions, is the S-1 division. This division is specifically tasked with handling personnel matters, which includes the management of pay, allowances, advancement, and other compensation-related functions for service members.

The S-1 division acts as the administrative support entity, making it crucial in ensuring that sailors receive accurate and timely payment for their service. This role involves monitoring personnel records, processing pay transactions, and managing other financial responsibilities related to personnel while afloat.

Understanding the distinctions between the various S divisions is crucial; for instance, the S-2 division typically focuses on intelligence and security functions rather than financial matters, while the S-3 deals with operations and training. Meanwhile, the S-4 division generally handles logistics, supply, and material management. Therefore, the S-1 division is the correct answer because it is directly aligned with the collection and disbursement of funds and personnel pay systems.